11_ICT-IX.pdf

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Subs, by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act. 1976, sec. 2, for “Sovereign Democratic Republic” (w.e.f.. 3.1.1977) 2. Subs, by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act. 1976, sec. 2, for “Unity of the Nation” (w.e.f.. 3.1.1977) Chapter IV A Fundamental Duties Article 51A Fundamental Duties: It shall be the duty of every citizen of India: (a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem; (b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom; (c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India; (d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so; (e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women; (f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture; (g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lake, rivers, wild life and to have compassion for living creatures; (h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform; (i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence; (j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement; 1(k) to provide opportunities for education to his/her child or, as the case may be, ward between age of 6 and 14 years. 1. Subs, by the Constitution (Eighty-Sixth Amendment) Act. 2002.In the 21st century, an ability to work with information and communication technologies is becoming as essential to education, life and workplace success as “reading, writing and arithmetic”. Information Communication Technology (ICT) has anextensivehorizon and includes all the technologies used for communication of information. These includedevices such as computers, internet and intranet, local and wide area networks (wired and wireless), voice mail, e-mail,audio visual systems, compact discs and video discs, broadcast receiving systems and telecommunication systems, media, printed media, virtual learning centers,instructional software, education television, satellite communication, cable TV, conventional and interactive radio used in teaching and learning. In this century it has become mandatory that everyone must have a basic understanding of ICT and must learn to make productive use of it, in-order to be good students and employable workers.Hence it is necessary for teaching fraternity to make a conscious effort and devise curriculum to impart valuable knowledge and skills required for computing and communications devices i.e. software that operates them, applications that run on them and systems that are built with them. Be it e-learning, blended learning or distant learning ICT has completely penetrated in school education and has brought a major transformation inteaching and learning process. It has become an integral and indispensable part of modern education system. Recognizing the potential value of ICT in education, CBSE wants to ensure proper integration of ICT in schools and its use in pedagogy. I am happy to release Information and communication Technology Book for Class – IX. I would like to express my deep appreciation to the text book development team for their contribution. Appreciation is also due to Dr. Sadhana Parashar, Prof. and Director (Academics, Research, Training and Innovation) and Dr. KshipraVerma, Education Officer, CBSE in bringing out this publication. It is hoped that all students and teachers will benefit by making best use of this publication. Their feedback will be highly appreciated for further improvement. Vineet Joshi Chairman ForewordCBSE ADVISORS ✦ Shri Vineet Joshi, Chairman, CBSE ✦ Dr. Sadhana Parashar, Prof. & Director (Academics, Research, Training and Innovation) DEVELOPMENT TEAM ✦ Ms. Anuradha Aggarwal, Lecturer, Sri Ram College of Commerce, Delhi University ✦ Ms. Deepa Puri, Consultant, Mumbai ✦ Ms. Kshipra Verma, Education Officer, CBSE, New Delhi. ✦ Ms. Ritu Ranjan, Indrapastha International School, Paschim Vihar, New Delhi. EDITORS ✦ Ms. Anju Jhanji, DAV School, Gurgaon ✦ Ms. Garima Gupta, DLDAV Public School, ND Block, Pitam Pura, New Delhi ✦ Ms. Sutapa Sen, Consultant MEMBER COORDINATOR Ms. Kshipra Verma, Education Officer, CBSE, New Delhi. AcknowledgementsForeword Acknowledgement Chapter 1: Basics of Internet 1–23 ✦ Introduction 1 ✦ World Wide Web 2 ✦ Web Servers 3 ✦ Web Site 6 ✦ Webpage 11 ✦ 1 Tool Bar 12 ✦ Blogs 14 ✦ URL 17 Chapter 2: Web Services 24–38 ✦ Introduction 24 ✦ Electronic mail or E Mail 24 ✦ Chat 27 ✦ Video Conferencing 28 ✦ E-Learning 30 ✦ E-Reservation 31 ✦ E-Shopping 32 ✦ Social Networking 33 ✦ E groups 34 Chapter 3: Introduction to GIMP 39–57 ✦ Image Editing Tools-Introduction 39 ✦ List of commonly used Image Editing Tools 39 ✦ GIMP 41 ✦ Starting GIMP 43 Content✦ Understanding GIMP window 47 ✦ Menus of Gimp window 50 ✦ Editing the Images 51 ✦ 1 Layers 54 Chapter 4: Introduction to HTML 58–69 ✦ Introduction 58 ✦ Overview of HTML 58 ✦ Structure of HTML document 60 ✦ Saving the HTML document 60 ✦ Container and Empty Tags 61 Chapter 5: HTML II 70–95 ✦ Introduction 70 ✦ Image 75 ✦ LINKING 81 Chapter 6: Security Threats and Safety Measures 96–108 ✦ Introduction 96 ✦ Viruses 96 ✦ Worms 97 ✦ Trojan horses 98 ✦ Spyware 98 ✦ Malware 99 ✦ Spams 99 ✦ Hackers and crackers 100 ✦ Anti Virus Tools 100 ✦ Data Backup and security 101 Chapter 7: Project 109-130 ✦ Sample Case Studies 1101 Chapter 1 Basics of Internet Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, learner will be able to: • Define the Internet. • List the features of WWW. • Differentiate between the Internet and WWW. • Understand the working of Search Engines. • List different types of servers with their purpose. • Understand the different components of a Website. • Appreciate the use of different protocols. • State the advantages & disadvantages of creating Blogging. Introduction Today we live in a world of technology, where internet spins a web of interconnectivity around the globe. Through internet more than fifty million people in countries around the world have been connected. Internet was evolved in 1969, under the project named ARPANET(Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) to connect computers at different universities and U.S. defence. Soon after the people from different backgrounds such as engineers, scientists, students and researchers started using the network for exchanging information and messages. In 1990s the internetworking of ARPANET, NSFnet and other private networks resulted into Internet. Therefore, Internet is a ‘global network of computer networks’. It comprises of millions of computing devices that carry and transfer volumes of information from one device to the other. Desktop computers, mainframes, GPS units, cell phones, car alarms, video game consoles, are connected to the Net. 2 Information and Computer Technology 1. World Wide Web 1.1 History of World Wide Web The World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989, in 1995 the first connection was established over what is today known as the Internet. By the end of 1990, the first Web page was served. In April 1993, the World Wide Web technology was available for anyone to use on a royalty-free basis. Since that time, the Web has changed the world. It has perhaps become the most powerful communication medium the world has ever known. A global Web of computers known as the Internet, allows individuals to communicate with each other often called the World Wide Web. The Internet provides a quick and easy exchange of information and is recognized as the central tool in this Information Age. 1.2 Definition The World Wide Web (WWW) is an internet based service, which uses common set of rules known as Protocols, to distribute documents across the Internet in a standard way. The World Wide Web, or ‘Web’ is a part of the Internet. The Web is viewed through web browser softwares such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox etc. Using browsers one can access the digital libraries containing innumerable articles, journals, e-books, news, tutorials stored in the form of web pages on computers around the world called Web Servers. Today thousands of web pages/websites are added to the WWW every hour. 1.2 Difference between Internet and WWW The Internet is known as “interconnection of computer networks”. The Internet is a massive network of networks. It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet. Information that travels over the Internet does so via a variety of languages known as protocols. The World Wide Web, or “Web” for short, or simply Web, is a massive collection of digital pages to access information over the Internet. The Web uses the HTTP protocol, to transmit data and allows applications to communicate in order to exchange business logic. The Web also uses browsers, such as Internet Explorer