Paper-5-Artificial-Intelligence-And-Higher-Education-A-Critical-Analysis-Of-Students-Perspective-From-India

Artifiial ntelligene and Higher Eduation: A ritial Analysis of Student's Perspetive from ndia Sanjay Sharma1 ndira Bhardwaj2 1 Reseah Shla, Shl Maaeet a ee, K.R. Maala ivesity 2 Shl Maaeet a ee, K.R. Maala ivesity espi ath ail aess [email protected] Reeive 1 eb 225, Reeive Revise Pape 1 Ap 225, Aepte 28 Ap 225, Pblishe lie 3 Sep 225 Abstrat This eseah exaies the peepti a attites ia hihe eati stets twa atiial itelliee (A) iteati i aaei settis. As piay stakehles i the eatial esyste stets' pespetives ffe valable isihts it the patial hallees, pptities, a ethial sieatis si A apti, theee the sty aesses this eseah ap by ti a pehesive ivestiati ia hihe eati stets' pespetives A iteati i aaei eviets. si a ixe-eths appah with a saple 542 eaate a pstaate stets vais isiplies ass ia, t siste tw piay phases a atitative svey t establish pattes a elatiships ass a lae saple, a alitative s p isssis t ai eepe isihts it stets' expeiees, es, a sestis. The sty exples stets' estai A, peeive beets a hallees, ethial es, a pepaeess a A-iteate te. Reslts iiate that while stets estate ethsias abt A's ptetial t ehae leai expeiees (78.3% psitive peepti), siiat ispaities exist ass isiplies, eaphial latis, a siei baks. Tehial stets epte hihe A liteay (ea se 4.2/5) pae t haities stets (2.8/5). thial es abt ata pivay, alithi bias, a aaei iteity eee as itial isses. The sty eveals that espite hih awaeess (1.7%), patial expse t A appliatis eais liite (37.2%), sialli a ptetial they-patie ap. Base these is, the pape ppses a aewk textally elevat A iteati i ia hihe eati, ephasizi ilsive aess, ethial sieatis, a il estti. This eseah tibtes t estai the evlvi elatiship betwee A a eati a ia pespetive, with ipliatis pliy evelpet a peaial ivati. Keywords: Atiial telliee, ihe ati, Stet Pespetives, iital ivie, atial Tehly, this A. 1. tti The eeee atiial itelliee (A) as a tasative e i hihe eati has ppte siiat isssis lbally abt its ipliatis, appliatis, a hallees (Zawaki-Rihte et al., 21). As A-pwee tls a systes bee ieasily iteate it aaei eviets, estai hw stets peeive a iteat with these tehlies bees ial effetive ipleetati stateies (Beke et al., 218). While sieable eseah has exaie A iteati i eatial texts withi evelpe atis, pespetives evelpi ties, patilaly stet viewpits, eai eepesete i the liteate (Ala & Keall, 22). ia pesets a pelli ase styi A i hihe eati e t its ie biati a apily expai tehly set, a assive hihe eati syste sevi ve 38 illi stets, a siiat siei ispaities (AS, 221). The ia veet has expliitly eize A as a statei piity thh iitiatives like the Natial ati Pliy 22 a the NT Aay's Natial Statey Atiial telliee (NT Aay, 218). These pliy aewks ephasize evelpi A peteies while aessi es abt aessibility a eity. espite these iitiatives, eseah exaii hw ia stets peeive, esta, a eae with A i eatial texts eais liite. This ap is siiat bease the sessl iteati A i eati epes t ly istittial eaiess a tehlial iastte bt als stets' attites, peeptis, a pepaeess (Zhai et al., 221). As piay stakehles i the eatial esyste, stets' pespetives ffe valable isihts it the patial hallees, pptities, a ethial sieatis si A apti. 90 Atiial telliee a ihe ati A itial Aalysis Stet's Pespetive ia al Sevies Reseah, Vle 25 Nbe 1 ( Apil-Septebe 225) © by Veatya stitte. All Rihts Reseve. This sty aesses this eseah ap by ti a pehesive ivestiati ia hihe eati stets' pespetives A iteati i aaei eviets. Speially, the eseah ais t 1. Assess ia stets' et estai A tehlies a thei eatial appliatis. 2. xple stets' peeptis eai the beets a hallees A iteati i hihe eati. 3. xaie es elate t ethis, pivay, a ata seity a stets 4. Aalyse iffeees i peepti base isipliay bak, eaphial lati, a siei ats. 5. etiy stets' peeive pepaeess a A-iteate eatial a pessial te. 6. evelp eeatis textally elevat A iteati i ia hihe eati. This eseah tibtes t the wi by liteate A i eati while pvii isihts a ia pespetive. By eti stet vies, the sty ffes valable iati pliyakes, eatial istittis, a tehly evelpes t esi A iteati stateies that aess textal ealities a stet ees. thee, it pes avees ss-ltal paiss a bae isssis abt tehly, eati, a sial eity i ivese settis. 2. iterature Review 2.1. Artifiial ntelligene in Higher Eduation: lobal ontext The iteati A i hihe eati has witesse aeleate wth lbally, tasi taitial peaial appahes a istittial peatis (Bake & Sith, 21). A appliatis i eati spa a wie spet, ili itelliet tti systes, atate assesset tls, leai aalytis, aiistative atati, a pesalize leai plats (Beke et al., 218 Zawaki-Rihte et al., 21, akhia et al. 223). Reseah by les et al. (21) ateize eatial A appliatis it thee ai ais peaial sppt (ehai teahi a leai), aiistative effiiey (ptiizi istittial peatis), a eseah aetati (avai kwlee eati). al Sevies Reseah, Vle 25 Nbe 1 ( Apil-Septebe 225) © by Veatya stitte. All Rihts Reseve. 91 Sajay Shaa1 ia Bhawaj292 Sties exaii the effetiveess A-ehae leai shw ixe bt eeally psitive tes. A ipves leai tes thh iteative sessis, pesalise leai a yai leai settis (Malik et al.223). Meta-aalyses by he et al. (22) a Malika et al. (221) eate psitive effets A-base tti systes stet ahieveet, with effet sizes ai .3 t .58 ass iffeet isiplies. weve, these sties als hihlihte siiat vaiatis base ipleetati text, stet haateistis, a peaial esi. Reseah stet pespetives twa A i eati has piaily eee evelpe eies. Tsai et al. (221) sveye 1,2 eaate stets ass pea ivesities, i eeally psitive attites twa A-base leai tls (ea appval ati 3.8/5), thh with es abt ata pivay a the ptetial lss ha iteati. Siilaly, Ye et al. (222), Al (224) epte that Aeia stets appeiate the veiee a pesalizati A eatial tls bt expesse appehesi abt ve-eliae tehly a ee itial thiki pptities. Stets als akwlees t have t eeive ay al taii eati t se A i eati, ipati it i the hihe eati ay siiatly iease the stet eaeet a ipat the leai te (Bia et al. 224) 2.2. The ndian ontext: Higher Eduation and Tehnologial ntegration ia's hihe eati syste, the wl’s se-laest, has expeiee siiat expasi, w epassi ve 1, ivesities a 42, llees sevi 38.5 illi stets (AS, 221). This api wth has e alsie pesistet hallees, ili iastte eits, ality es, a siiat ispaities ass eaphial a siei iesis (Tilak, 218 Vahese, 22). Tehlial iteati i ia hihe eati has llwe a eve tajety. While peie istittis have apte sphistiate iital iastte, ay istittis tie t stle with basi tehlial eieets (haha, 217). The V-1 paei aeleate iital tasati ass the set, thh with vayi eees sess a sieable hallees elate t aess a iital liteay (Ka et al., 221). Atiial telliee a ihe ati A itial Aalysis Stet's Pespetive ia al Sevies Reseah, Vle 25 Nbe 1 ( Apil-Septebe 225) © by Veatya stitte. All Rihts Reseve. al Sevies Reseah, Vle 25 Nbe 1 ( Apil-Septebe 225) © by Veatya stitte. All Rihts Reseve. 93 veet iitiatives t pte tehlial avaeet i eati ile the Natial ati Pliy 22, whih expliitly ephasizes A iteati, iital liteay, a ptatial thiki. The NT Aay's Natial Statey Atiial telliee ietie eati as a key set A appliati, eei aaptive leai plats, atate assesset systes, a eat sppt tls (NT Aay, 218). 2.3. Student Perspetives on Eduational Tehnology in ndia Reseah exaii ia stets' eaeet with eatial tehly has piaily se e-leai plats, bile leai, a, e eetly, eeey ete teahi i the paei (haha, 217 Ka et al., 221 Sasea et al., 224). These sties sistetly hihliht ispaities i aess a eaiess base eaphial lati (ba vess al), istittial type (pbli vess pivate), a isipliay bak (STM vess -STM). Mthpasa et al. (221) sveye 37 ailtal stets ass ia i the paei a that while stets appeiate the exibility lie leai, they epte siiat hallees elate t iteet etivity (78.3%), apppiate evies (56.1%), a iital liteay (47.3%). Siilaly, shi et al. (22) te that stets al aeas, lwe siei baks, a -tehial isiplies epte eate iffilties aapti t tehly-ehae leai. iite eseah exists speially exaii ia stets' pespetives A i eati. Peliiay sties by Shaa a Vea (22) a Bhatia et al. (221) sest vayi levels awaeess a ixe peeptis, thh these sties wee liite t eieei a aaeet stets ba istittis, leavi siiat aps i estai the bae stet pplati's views. 2.4. Ethial and Soial imensions of A in Eduation The liteate ieties seveal itial ethial a sial sieatis si A iteati i eati. es abt ata pivay, alithi bias, taspaey, a the ptetial exaebati existi iealities eate pietly i lbal isssis (les et al., 21 Reih & t, 217 Ael 224). Selwy (21) aes that itial A apti isks eii sttal isavataes a eati ew s exlsi thh what he tes "iital Sajay Shaa1 ia Bhawaj2ieality 2.." This e is patilaly elevat i the ia text, ive existi ispaities i eatial aess a ality (Vahese, 22 eekese et al., 224). evelpi texts, aitial sieatis eee eai ltal elevae, liisti ivesity, a iastte liitatis. Nye (215), ahi et al., (224) a Ala a Keall (22) ephasize the ee textally apppiate eatial tehlies that eet lal ltal s, laaes, a peaial taitis. This sests that pespetives A ia stets iht eet ie es a piities t apte i Weste-eti eseah. 2.5. Researh ap and Study Rationale The liteate eview eveals seveal siiat aps this sty ais t aess 1. iite eseah A i hihe eati evelpi ty pespetives, patilaly ia 2. sffiiet atteti t stet vies i isssis abt A iteati i eatial settis 3. ak pehesive sties exaii peeptis ass ivese stet pplatis, isiplies, a istittial types 4. aeate estai hw siei, eaphial, a ltal ats iee stet eaeet with A tehlies By aessi these aps, this sty tibtes t a e ae a ilsive estai A's le i hihe eati, patilaly a ia pespetive. 3. Methodology 3.1. Researh esign This sty eplye a seetial ixe-eths appah (eswell & eswell, 218) t pehesively ivestiate ia stets' pespetives A i hihe eati. The eseah esi siste tw piay phases (1) a atitative svey t establish pattes a elatiships ass a lae saple, a (2) alitative s p isssis t ai eepe isihts it stets' expeiees, es, a sestis. This appah allwe bth beath 94 Atiial telliee a ihe ati A itial Aalysis Stet's Pespetive ia al Sevies Reseah, Vle 25 Nbe 1 ( Apil-Septebe 225) © by Veatya stitte. All Rihts Reseve. al Sevies Reseah, Vle 25 Nbe 1 ( Apil-Septebe 225) © by Veatya stitte. All Rihts Reseve. 95 a epth i estai the plex yais stets' peeptis twa A iteati i eati. 3.2. Sample Seletion and emographis A statie a sapli tehie was se t ese epesetati ass vais iesis ia's ivese hihe eati lasape. The sapli aewk siee eaphial eis (Nth, Sth, ast, West, etal, a Ntheast), istittial types (pbli, pivate, eee ivesities, ats llees), isipliay aeas (STM, Sial Siees, aities, ee/Maaeet, Meial/ealth Siees), eee levels (eaate, pstaate), a eaphial settis (ba, sei-ba, al). The al saple siste 542 stets patiipati i the svey phase, with a sbset 48 stets patiipati i the s p isssis. Table 1 pesets the eaphi ple the svey espets. Table 1: emographi Profile of Survey Respondents (N=542) harateristi ategory Frequeny Perentage ender Male 287 53.% eale 24 45.% N-biay/the 6 1.1% Age roup 18-21 yeas 248 45.8% 22-25 yeas 214 3.5% 26-3 yeas 62 11.4% Abve 3 yeas 18 3.3% Sajay Shaa1 ia Bhawaj296 Degree Level eaate 327 6.3% Pstaate 173 31.% Reseah Shla 42 7.8% Disiplinary Area STM 217 4.% Sial Siees 112 2.7% aities 68 12.5% e e / Maaeet 3 17.2% Mei a l /ea l t h Siees 52 .6% eographial Region Nth 127 23.4% Sth 156 28.8% ast 8 16.4% West 12 18.8% etal 48 8.% Ntheast 2 3.7% Institutional Type Pbli ivesity 226 41.7% Atiial telliee a ihe ati A itial Aalysis Stet's Pespetive ia al Sevies Reseah, Vle 25 Nbe 1 ( Apil-Septebe 225) © by Veatya stitte. All Rihts Reseve. al Sevies Reseah, Vle 25 Nbe 1 ( Apil-Septebe 225) © by Veatya stitte. All Rihts Reseve. 97 Pivate ivesity 173 31.% eee ivesity 78 14.4% Ats llee 65 12.% eographial Setting ba 287 53.% Sei-ba 164 3.3% Ral 1 16.7% Family Inome (Annual) Belw 3, 127 23.4% 3,-6, 156 28.8% 6,-1,2, 15 2.3% Abve 1,2, 1 18.5% 3.3. ata olletion nstruments 3.3.1 Quantitative Survey The svey istet was evelpe base liteate eview a pilt testi with 25 stets ivese baks. The al estiaie taie 42 ites aize it six setis 1. eaphi iati (8 ites) 2. A awaeess a estai (7 ites) 3. Peeive beets A i eati (8 ites) 4. Peeive hallees a es (8 ites) 5. thial sieatis (6 ites) 6. te pepaeess a sestis (5 ites) Sajay Shaa1 ia Bhawaj298 Mst ites eplye a 5-pit iket sale, with se pe-ee estis t apte aitial isihts. The istet estate eliability with a bah's alpha .87. tet valiity was establishe thh expet eview by speialists i eatial tehly a A ethis. 3.3.2 Qualitative Fous roups Six s p isssis wee te, eah with 7- patiipats. A sei-stte iteview ptl ie these isssis, expli thees that eee the svey while allwi eepe pbi a laiati. The s ps wee esie t epeset iffeet eaphial eis a istittial types. ah sessi laste appxiately ites a was ailitate by taie eats et i bth lish a eial laaes t aate patiipats' laae peeees. 3.4. ata olletion Proedure The atitative svey was aiistee lie thh a see plat stittial peissis wee btaie bee appahi stets. The svey lik was istibte thh istittial eail systes, with llw-p eies t ipve espse ates. The al espse ate was 67.8% the iitially tate pl. s p isssis wee te i pes at hst istittis, while tw wee te lie t aate stets ete latis. iel tes apte -vebal es a textal iati. 3.5 Ethial onsiderations The eseah ptl eeive appval the stittial this ittee. e set was btaie all patiipats, wh wee ie abt the sty's ppse, vltay ate patiipati, etiality pvisis, a ata aaeet pees. Patiipats wee assie es t ptet thei ietity, a all pesally ietiable iati was eve i ata pessi. 3.6 ata Analysis 3.6.1. Quantitative Analysis Svey ata wee aalyze si SPSS vesi 27.. The aalysis ile esiptive statistis (eeies, eas, staa eviatis), paative Atiial telliee a ihe ati A itial Aalysis Stet's Pespetive ia al Sevies Reseah, Vle 25 Nbe 1 ( Apil-Septebe 225) © by Veatya stitte. All Rihts Reseve.