madinah-book-1-handouts - PDF to Document
Published on Oct 26, 2026
Description:
HANDOUTS
For
Madina Book 1
Prepared by
The Institute of the Language of the Qur’an
(Toronto)
(NO Copy rights reserved)
Subject Page
Parts of the Speech ……………………. 1
The Arabic Alphabet …………………. 2
Arabic Nouns Have Endings …………. 3
Nominal Sentence ……………………... 4
Cases Exercises ………………………... 5
Sound Triliteral Verbs ………………... 6
Jarun Wa Majroorun From Qur’an … 8
Pronouns ………………………………. 9
Pronouns-01-solved …………………… 10
Pronouns-01 …………………………… 12
Mudafu Mudafu Alei …………………. 14
Mudadu Mudafu Alei From Qur’an … 15
Mudafu Mudafu Alei - Examples ……. 16
Phrases ………………………………… 17
Feminine Gender ……………………… 18
Adjectives ……………………………… 19
Nominal Sentence From Qur’an ……... 22
Grammatical Analysis ………………… 23
Dual and Sound Plurals ………………. 27
Broken Plurals ………………………… 29
Singular-Dual-Plural …………………. 33
Numbers ……………………………….. 35
Types of Khabar ………………………. 37
Blank Verb Conjugation Sheet ………. 38 Parts of the Speech.doc Page 1
Parts of the Speech
In English language there are 8 Parts of Speech namely:
Noun Pronoun
Verb Adjective
Adverb Preposition
Conjunction Interjection
In Arabic language there are 3 Parts of Speech:
مسا = Noun لٌعف = Verb فرح = Particle
But these three Parts encompass all eight Parts of Speech of the English Language.
Parts of Speech in Arabic Language
Particle فرح Verb لٌعف Noun مسا
Preposition = رج فرح Verb (same as in English) Noun = مسا
Conjunction = طْفع فرح Pronoun = ريمض
نعت / صفَةٌ = Adjective
Adverb = فظَر
اسم الفعلِ = Interjection The Arabic Alphabet.doc Page 2
The Arabic Alphabet and Vowel Signs
The Arabic letters of the alphabet are twenty nine (29) in number, all of which, with exception of
Alif, are consonants.
Consonants means it has speech sound.
There are three vowel signs in Arabic.
FATAH ـَـ ( )denoting “a” e.g. د = da ر = ra
KASRAH ـِـ ( )denoting “i” e.g. د = di رِ = ri
DUMMA ـُـ ( )denoting “u” e.g. د = du ر = ru
SUKUN ـْـ ( )it is the sign denoting absence of a vowel.
A consonant that does not carry any vowel is marked by a Sukun.
In Arabic there are three (3) parts of speech.
مسا) Noun) لٌعف) Verb) فرح) Particle)
Arabic مسا includes English nouns, pronouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Arabic لٌعف is co-extensive with English verbs.
All words besides مسا and لٌعف are فرح - Particles.
مسا) noun) may be indefinite (ةٌركن (or definite (رِفَةٌعم (.
There are no definite or indefinite articles in Arabic language equivalent to English a, an, the.
Indefiniteness of مسا is indicated by نوِينت ) nunation at the end of the noun ) which means the
vowel sign is doubled at the end of the word.
Definiteness is indicated by اَلْ prefixed to the noun.
ابتك a book قَلَم a pen
ابتالْك the book الْقَلَم the pen
Since مسا cannot at the same time be definite and indefinite, نوِينت and اَلْ do not coexist.
ابتالْك and الْقَلَم will be incorrect.
Tanween is also used with proper nouns i.e. دمحم ،دالخ ،ديز . Even though there is a
tanween at the end of the noun, these proper nouns are definite. Arabic Nouns Have Endings.doc Page 3
Arabic nouns have ENDINGS
to show their functions in a sentence.
Just like us, when we go to office, Bank or factory for work we have work cloths or uniforms, when we
go for formal functions like weddings, Valimas or reception, we dress accordingly. When we are at
home, we wear different cloths and when we retire for the night to sleep, we put on sleeping dress.
In short, we dress according to what the occasion or function demands.
Similarly, the Nouns have different endings to show their function in a sentence. It can be a subject
( Nominative case or عفُورم ending ) or it can be an object of a verb ( Accusative case or بوصنم ending )
or it can be a possessor of a thing or come after a preposition or an adverb ( Genitive case or رورجم
ending ).
There are three endings of Noun (the vowel sign on the last letter of the noun).
1. Dammah ابب ،ابالْب ،دمحم ،ابتك ،ابتالك
الكتاب، كتابا، محمدا، الباب، بابا Fatah 2.
الكتابِ، كتابٍ، محمد، البابِ، بابٍ Kasrah 3.
1. When the last letter of a noun has a DAMMAH
It is said to be عفُورم) it indicates Nominative Case)
ذَهب محمد إلى السوقِ . حامد طالب مجتهِد . آمنة ُ بنت جميلة .ٌ
2. When the last letter of a noun has a FATAH
It is said to be بوصنم) it indicates Accusative Case)
رأيت محمدا في السوِقِ . كَم دولارا عندك . أشهد أنَّ محمدا عبده ورسولُه.
3. When the last letter of a noun has a KASRAH
It is said to be رورجم) it indicates Genitive Case)
هذا كتاب محمد . الساعةُ على السريرِ . أي يومٍ هذا ؟ أي شهرٍِ هذا ؟
Please memorize the above ARABIC TERMS and watch carefully the
ENDING VOWEL SIGNS ON NOUNS TO KNOW ITS FUNCTION IN
THE SENTENCE. Nominal Sentence.doc Page 4
(اَلْجملَةُ لا ا سميةُ ) Sentence Nominal
What is a sentence?
Sentence is a group of words which make complete sense.
Muhammad is a student.
Hamid is sick.
The core ingredients of any sentence are a subject and a predicate. The subject names a person, a place
or a thing we are talking about. The predicate makes a statement about the subject. In other words the
predicate is the part of a sentence which expresses what is said about the subject.
In the above two sentences Muhammad and Hamid are subjects and “is a student” and “is sick” are
predicates.
In Arabic language there are two kinds of sentences.
The one which begins with a noun ( مسا ( is called nominal sentence ةُيمس الا لَةُمالْج
And the one which begins with a verb ( لٌعف ( is called verbal sentence ةُيلعف الْ لَةُمالْج
We shall discuss here only the nominal sentence.
A simple nominal sentence is of this form:
Zayd is learned. مالع ديز
Fatimah is learned. ٌ ةمالع ةُمفَاط
The boy is intelligent. يذَك اَلْولَد
The girl is beautiful. لَةٌيمج تاَلْبِن
Just like in English, a nominal sentence in Arabic has two parts:
Subject ( أُدتباَلْم ( and Predicate ( رباَلْخ (
The noun with which the nominal sentence begins is called ( أٌدتبم ( subject, and the other part
which says something about it is called ( ربخ ( predicate.
Usually, the subject of a nominal sentence is a definite noun, either a proper noun like Zayd and
Fatimah , a noun with the definite article like لَداَلْو and تاَلْبِن or a pronoun.
The predicate is usually indefinite, and agrees in gender with the subject.
Both the subject and the predicate are marfu عفُورم, that is, it will have one dumma or tanween
(double) dumma. Cases Exercises.doc Page 5
Put the following nouns into their respective “cases”. First as indefinite then as definite nouns;
then change them into feminine nouns and do like wise. Do as shown in the examples.
FEMININE MASCULINE
Genitive
مجرور
Accusative
منصوب
Nominative
م رفُوع
Genitive
مجرور
Accusative
منصوب
Nominative
مرفُوع
مسلم مسلما مسلمٍ مسلمةٌ مسلمةً مسلمة
صادق
عالم
مؤمن
مدرس
كافر
كاذب
مشرِك
طالب
طَِبيب
المُسلم المُسلم المُسلمِ المُسلمةُ المُسلمةَ المُسلمة
Sound Triliteral Verbs.doc Page 6
Paradigm of the Unaugmented Triliteral Verb درالمُج يث الثلاَ لِعالف وابأَب
Group I - I Group I - A Group U - U Group A - A Group A - I Group A - U
باب نصر) ن) باب ضرب) ض) باب فَتح) ف) باب كَرم) ك) باب سمع) س) باب حسِب) ح)
نصر : ينصر ضرب : يضرِب فَتح : يفْتح كَرم : يكْرم سمع : يسمع حسِ : ب يحسِب
He
thought بِسح He heard عمس He became
noble مكَر He
opened حفَت He struck
or hit برض He helped رصن
He
inherited رِثَو He
هِمفَ understood
He moved
away دعب He went بذَه He sat لَسج He wrote بكَت
He played بلَع He became
larger,
bigger
ركَب He
bowed
down
كَعر He
washed لَغَس He entered لَخد
He
memorized,
protected
He حفظَ
approached بقَر He
raised فَعر He
returned عجر He seeked طَلَب
He drank رِبش He did لَفَع He
descended لَزن He
prostrated دجس
He
laughed كحض He
searched ثَحب He broke ركَس He killed لَقَت
He
became
happy فَرِح He cut قَطَع He knew فرع He studied سرد
He rode بكر He
gathered عمج He lied كَذَب He lived كَنس
He
worked لَمع He
prevented عنم He was
patient ربص He
thanked كَرش
He knew ملع He
explained حرش He
triumphed ,
overpowered
غَلَب He cooked خطَب
He showed
mercy upon محر He
succeeded حجن He carried لَمح He created لَقخ
He
followed بِعت He
benefited فَعن He looked ظَرن
He
began أَدب He left كرت
He asked أَلَس He
attended رضح
He read أَقَر He failed بسر
He
provided ,
bestowed or
blessed
رزق
He
remembered
or mentioned
ذَكَر
He
worshipped دبع
He came
out or
exited
خرج
He
ordered رأم
He ate أكَلَ
He took ذَأخSound Triliteral Verbs.doc Page 7
The Conjugation of the Past Tense -ياضالْم لُعالْف
Please remember that in Arabic Verbs the doer of the action (لُالْفَاع ( is ALWAYS present. Either
attached or in its hidden form.
Suffix الْفَاعلُ
He wrote رتتسم NIL بكَت وه
They (2 men) wrote ‘Alif’ of
هما كَتبا ا (ا أَلف (أَلف المُثَنى Dual
They (more than 2 men) wrote ‘Waw’ of
هم كَتبوا وا (و )واو واو الجَماعة Plural
She wrote
‘Ta’ is the
sign of
feminine
هي كَتبت ت مستتر تاءُ التأنِيث
هما كَتبتا ت ا+ (ا أَلف (wrote) women 2 (They
They (more than 2 women) wrote
‘Nun’ of the
women
kind
هن كَتبن نَ نَ نونُ النِسوة
You (man) wrote ت ت تبكَت تأن
أنتما كَتبتما تما تما wrote) men 2 (You
You (more than 2 men) wrote مت مت متبكَت متأن
You (woman) wrote ت ت تبكَت تأن
أنتما كَتبتما تما تما wrote) women 2 (You
You (more than 2 women) wrote نت نت نتبكَت نتأن
I (male or female) wrote ت ت تبكَت اأن
We (male or female) wrote ان ان انبكَت نحن
رتتسم - hidden, implied, understood, tacit. لُالْفَاع - The subject, i.e., the doer of the action.
The فأل of the third form (مه (is not pronounced, though it must be written. It is called ةالْوِقَاي فأَل) the
alif of protection). It ‘protects’ verbs like اذُوأَخ) they took) where the و is not joined to the body of the
verb and therefore may be mistaken for the conjunction و meaning ‘and’.
Out of the fourteen forms, in 12 forms the doer is attached ( لٌصتم ريمض( . Only in two forms, i.e., وه
and يه it can be hidden or it comes after the verb in the sentence. Jarun Wa Majroorun From Qur'an.doc Page 8
References from the Noble Quran for رورجمو ارج
ِبـ
by, at, in
ِلـ
belongs to,
for
عن
away from
في
in
إلى
to
ِمن
from
علَى
on
2:8 And there are people (from men are) who say,
“We believe in God and (in) the Last Day” رِخَالأ مِوبِالْيو ِبِاالله انامَء قُولُي نم اسِالن نم و
17:1 From the Inviolable House of Worship [at
Mecca] to the far distant Place of Worship [at
من الْمسجِد الْحرامِ إلَى الْمسجِد الأَقْصا [Jerusalem
24:58 before the prayer of daybreak رِالْفَج ةٰلَوص لِقَب نم
24:58 and after the prayer of night fall ِشآءالْع ةٰلَوص دعب نم و
2:10 In their hearts is a disease ضرم بِهِمقُلُو يف
2:17 and leaves them in utter darkness اتظُلُم يف مكَهرتو
2:27 and spread corruption in the earth ضِرَالأ يف نَودِفْسيو
2:256 There shall be no coercion in matters of faith نِيالد يف اهإكْر لآ
2:284 Unto God belongs all that is in the heavens and
ِاللهِ ما في السمٰوات و ما في الأَرضِ .earth the in is that all
3:6 He is Who shapes you in the wombs امِحرَالأ يف كُمروصي الَّذي وه
3:46 and he shall speak unto men in his cradle دهالْم يف اسالن كَلِّميو
3:85 and in the life to come he shall be among (from)
the lost نرِيالْخاس نم ةرالآخ يف وهو
5:41 Theirs shall be (to them belongs) ignominy in
this world, and (to them belongs) awesome suffering
in the life to come
لَهم في الدنيا خزي ، ولَهم في الآخرة عذَاب
عظيم
5:54 who strive hard in God’s cause ِاالله بِيلِس يف نَوداهجيPronouns.doc Page 9
بوصنم and رورجم ٌ Form عفُورم Form
Pronouns of Nasb and Jarr
the attached form
ضمير متصلٌ
Pronouns of Raf’
the separate form
ضمير منفَصلٌ
Nasb بصن means they are بوصنم
Jarr رج means they are رورجم
Raf’ فْعر means they are عفُورم
هو ه
هما هما
هم هم
هي ها
هما هما
هن هن
أنت ك
أنتما كُما
أنتم كُم
أنتما كُما أنت كِ
أنتن كُن
أنا *ي
نحن نا
* this is known as كَلِّمِتالْم ُياء – Ya of the first person
Kinds of Pronouns رائمض ُ
(Plural) / ريمض) Singular)
Pronouns are either separate لُفَصنالْم
or attached لُصتالْم.
The separate pronouns, also called
detached pronouns,لٌفَصنم ريمض are
independent and are not attached to any
other word.
The attached pronouns لٌصتم ريمض
are not independent, but are always
attached to other words.
In the beginning of our studies we will
learn the basic forms. As we progress we
will learn them in greater details
in book III اللَّه َاءش إِنْ .
The pronouns are نِيبم) fixed), i.e.,
they are not declinable. They remain
stationary in one FORM.
But they do have one fixed form when
they are عفُورم and another fixed form
when they are بوصنم or رورجم.
For بوصنم and رورجم ٌ there is
only one form for attached pronouns
which we will study here.