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Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 5 This Book Belongs to: Name .............................................................. Roll No............................................................. Class and Section ........................................... School ............................................................. Lakhmir Singh’s SCIENCE FOR CLASS 5 Lakhmir Singh Manjit Kaur Containing : Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) and Questions Based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 5 Branches : Chennai : Ph: 044-2363 2120, [email protected] Guwahati : Ph: 0361-2738 811, 2735 640, [email protected] Hyderabad : Ph: 040-4018 6018, [email protected] Jalandhar : Ph: 0181-4645 630, [email protected] Kolkata : Ph: 033-2335 7458, 2335 3914, [email protected] Lucknow : Ph: 0522-4003 633, [email protected] Mumbai : Ph: 022-2500 0297, [email protected] Patna : Ph: 0612-2260 011, [email protected] © S Chand And Company Limited, 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or copied in any material form (including photocopying or storing it in any medium in form of graphics, electronic or mechanical means and whether or not transient or incidental to some other use of this publication) without written permission of the publisher. Any breach of this will entail legal action and prosecution without further notice. Jurisdiction : All disputes with respect to this publication shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Courts, Tribunals and Forums of New Delhi, India only. Publisher’s Warranty: The Publisher warrants the customer for a period of 1 year from the date of purchase of the book against any manufacturing defect, damage or loss of this book. Terms and Conditions apply. For further details, please visit our website www.schandpublishing.com or call us at our Customer care (toll free) No: 1800-1031926 Jurisdiction: All disputes with respect to this publication shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Courts, Tribunals and Forums of New Delhi, India Only. First Published in 2016 First Impression 2021 ISBN : 978-93-85676-64-2 Product Code: SCS2LKS050SCIAA16CBY PRINTED IN INDIA By Vikas Publishing House Private Limited, Plot 20/4, Site-IV, Industrial Area Sahibabad, Ghaziabad–201 010 and Published by S Chand And Company Limited, A-27, 2nd Floor, Mohan Co-operative Industrial Estate, New Delhi–110 044. S CHAND SCHOOL BOOKS (An imprint of S Chand Publishing) A Division of S Chand And Company Limited (An ISO 9001 Certified Company) Head Office : B-1/D-1, Ground Floor, Mohan Co-operative Industrial Estate, Mathura Road, New Delhi–110 044 Phone : 011–6667 2000, e-mail : [email protected] Registered Office : A-27, 2nd Floor, Mohan Co-operative Industrial Estate, New Delhi–110 044 www.schandpublishing.com; e-mail : [email protected] Singh’s Science Class 5 ABOUT THE AUTHORS LAKHMIR SINGH did his M.Sc. from Delhi University in 1969. Since then he has been teaching in Dyal Singh College of Delhi University, Delhi. He started writing books in 1980. Lakhmir Singh believes that book writing is just like classroom teaching. Though a book can never replace a teacher but it should make the student feel the presence of a teacher. Keeping this in view, he writes books in such a style that students never get bored reading his books. Lakhmir Singh has written more than 15 books so far on all the science subjects: Physics, Chemistry and Biology. He believes in writing quality books. He does not believe in quantity. MANJIT KAUR did her B.Sc., B.Ed. from Delhi University in 1970. Since then she has been teaching in a reputed school of Directorate of Education, Delhi. Manjit Kaur is such a popular science teacher that all the students want to join those classes which she teaches in the school. She has a vast experience of teaching science to school children, and she knows the problems faced by the children in the study of science. Manjit Kaur has put all her teaching experience into the writing of science books. She has coauthored more than 15 books alongwith her husband, Lakhmir Singh. It is the team-work of Lakhmir Singh and Manjit Kaur which has given some of the most popular books in the history of science education in India. Lakhmir Singh and Manjit Kaur both write exclusively for the most reputed, respected and largest publishing house of India : S. Chand and Company Pvt. Ltd. An Open Letter Dear Friend, We would like to talk to you for a few minutes, just to give you an idea of some of the special features of this book. Before we go further, let us tell you that this book conforms to the NCERT guidelines prescribed by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). Just like our earlier books, we have written this book in such a simple style that even the weak students will be able to understand science very easily. Believe us, while writing this book, we have considered ourselves to be the students of the concerned class and tried to make things as simple as possible. The most important feature of this book is that we have included a large variety of different types of questions for assessing the learning abilities of the students. This book contains: (i) Objective type questions, (ii) Subjective type questions, (iii) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs), (iv) Questions based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), and (v) Activities. Please note that answers have also been given for the various types of questions, wherever required. All these features will make this book even more useful to the students as well as the teachers. “A picture can say a thousand words”. Keeping this in mind, a large number of coloured pictures and sketches of various scientific processes, procedures, appliances, manufacturing plants and everyday situations involving principles of science have been given in this book. This will help the students to understand the various concepts of science clearly. It will also tell them how science is applied in the real situations in homes, transport and industry. We are sure you will agree with us that the facts and formulae of science are just the same in all the books, the difference lies in the method of presenting these Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 5 Books by Lakhmir Singh and Manjit Kaur 1. Lakhmir Singh’s Science for Class 3 2. Lakhmir Singh’s Science for Class 4 3. Lakhmir Singh’s Science for Class 5 4. Lakhmir Singh’s Science for Class 6 5. Lakhmir Singh’s Science for Class 7 6. Lakhmir Singh’s Science for Class 8 7. Science for Ninth Class (Part 1) PHYSICS 8. Science for Ninth Class (Part 2) CHEMISTRY 9. Science for Tenth Class (Part 1) PHYSICS 10. Science for Tenth Class (Part 2) CHEMISTRY 11. Science for Tenth Class (Part 3) BIOLOGY 12. Rapid Revision in Science (A Question-Answer Book for Class X) 13. Science for Ninth Class (J & K Edition) 14. Science for Tenth Class (J & K Edition) 15. Science for Ninth Class (Hindi Edition) : PHYSICS and CHEMISTRY 16. Science for Tenth Class (Hindi Edition) : PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 17. Saral Vigyan (A Question-Answer Science Book in Hindi for Class X) DISCLAIMER While the authors of this book have made every effort to avoid any mistake or omission and have used their skill, expertise and knowledge to the best of their capacity to provide accurate and updated information, the authors and the publisher do not give any representation or warranty with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication and are selling this publication on the condition and understanding that they shall not be made liable in any manner whatsoever. The publisher and the authors expressly disclaim all and any liability/responsibility to any person, whether a purchaser or reader of this publication or not, in respect of anything and everything forming part of the contents of this publication. The publisher and authors shall not be responsible for any errors, omissions or damages arising out of the use of the information contained in this publication. Further, the appearance of the personal name, location, place and incidence, if any; in the illustrations used herein is purely coincidental and work of imagination. Thus the same should in no manner be termed as defamatory to any individual. facts to the students. In this book, the various topics of science have been explained in such a simple way that while reading this book, a student will feel as if a teacher is sitting by his side and explaining the various things to him. We are sure that after reading this book, the students will develop a special interest in science and they would like to study science in higher classes as well. We think that the real judges of a book are the teachers concerned and the students for whom it is meant. So, we request our teacher friends as well as the students to point out our mistakes, if any, and send their comments and suggestions for the further improvement of this book. Wishing you a great success, Yours sincerely, 396, Nilgiri Apartments, Alaknanda, New Delhi-110019 E-mail : [email protected] Singh’s Science Class 5 CONTENTS UNIT I: FOOD 1. PLANT REPRODUCTION 7 UNIT II: THE WORLD OF THE LIVING 2. HABITATS OF ANIMALS 17 3. MOVEMENTS AND BREATHING OF ANIMALS 24 4. SKELETAL AND NERVOUS SYSTEM 33 5. HEALTH AND HYGIENE 48 UNIT III: MATERIALS 6. SAFETY AND FIRST AID 61 7. ROCKS, MINERALS AND SOIL 70 UNIT IV: NATURAL PHENOMENA 8. AIR AND WATER 86 9. VOLCANOES, EARTHQUAKES AND STORMS 97 10. OUR UNIVERSE 103 UNIT V: MOVING THINGS, PEOPLE AND IDEAS 11. FORCE, MACHINE AND ENERGY 112 UNIT VI: NATURAL RESOURCES 12. POLLUTION 127 13. SAVING OUR RESOURCES 135 TEST PAPER 1 83 TEST PAPER 2 142Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 5Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 5 PLANT REPRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 Learning Objectives: • Reproduction in plants • Growing plants from seeds • Growing plants from stems, roots and leaves • Seed dispersal Reproduction is defined as a process by which an organism, whether a plant or an animal, produces new individuals. In most of the plants, they make new plants through their seeds. In this chapter, we will also explore the ways of producing new plants from different parts of plant. REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS Most of the plants bear flowers. These flowers develop into seeds. These seeds can give rise to a new plant of the same type as the parent plant. A. Once the flowers bloom, their petals dry and fall off, and the flowers turn into small fruits. B. These fruits grow big in size. They may have a seed or many seeds inside them. C. These seeds give rise to the new plants. Life stages of plant life8 Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 5 Young plant Seed coat Cotyledon Seeds are important source of food. All the grains that we eat are seeds. For example, rice, wheat, gram, kidney beans, peas, are all examples of seeds. Coriander, mustard and cumin are also seeds. Seeds are of different shapes and sizes. Some seeds like castor, datura, mango, are big in size while the seeds of mustard, cardamom, cumin are very small in size. Some seeds like that of cardamom have a pleasant smell Different shapes and sizes of seeds GROWING PLANTS FROM SEEDS Plants produce many seeds. But not all the seeds grow into new plants. Seeds require favourable conditions to grow into new plants. Only those seeds which get the right conditions grow into plants. These right conditions are: • Seeds should be healthy. Damaged seeds do not grow into new plants. • Seeds should get right type of soil and minerals from it. • Seeds should get right amount of water, air, light and warmth. Structure of a Seed A seed is covered by a seed coat. Seed coat protects the seed. Inside the seed coats, seeds have fleshy seed leaves. These are also called cotyledons. They store food for the baby plant. The baby plant uses this food till it grows its own roots and leaves. After the food from the cotyledons is used, young plants continue making their own food through photosynthesis. Structure of a dicot seed9 Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 5 Know more Some seeds have only one “seed leaf”. They are called monocotyledons. Seeds having two seed leaves are called dicotyledons. Cotyledon Baby plant Monocot seed Dicot seed Germination When a seed gets all the favourable conditions, it grows into a baby plant, which is called a seedling. This process of a seed turning into a seedling is called germination. During germination, when seed receives adequate water, it swells leading to the bursting of its seed coat and gives rise to the baby plant. Inside the seed, the developing embryo gets its food from cotyledons. The baby plant first develops its root and then a tiny green shoot emerges from the other end. As the baby plant grows, it starts developing small green leaves inside the seed. The growing hook-shaped shoot straightens out and pushes the cotyledons above the ground. Gradually, the shoot elongates to form a proper stem and its leaves unfold eventually falling off the cotyledons. Finally, a mature plant does not show the cotyledons because they shrink and disappear with the growth of the baby plant. ACTIVITY Soak some moong seeds or green gram in water for 6 – 7 hours. Drain the water and tie moong in a clean piece of muslin cloth. Sprinkle some water on the cloth to keep it wet. Observe it after a day. You will see small white root-like structures coming out of the moong seeds. Take one seed in your hand. Remove the green coloured seed coat of the moong carefully and observe the other parts of the seed. Stages of growth of a seed to a baby plant10 Lakhmir Singh’s Science Class 5 GROWING PLANTS FROM STEM, ROOTS AND LEAVES Not all flowering plants depend on their seeds to reproduce new plants. Sometimes, new plants can grow from stems, roots or leaves of the parent plants. Plants from Stem The stems of rose, hibiscus and money plant can be used to grow new plants. Potatoes, ginger and onions are examples of underground stems. These can also be used to grow new plants. Potatoes and ginger have “eyes” on them. If we cut a piece of potato having an eye on it and put this piece in soil, a new potato plant will grow out of this piece. Eye New plants Stem cutting gives rise to a new plant New plants arising from the eye of the potato ACTIVITY Objective: To grow a new plant from the stem Materials needed: A potato, bottle, toothpick, knife, water, soil Steps: • Take a potato. Soak it in a bottle filled with water with the help of toothpicks. • Keep the lower half of the potato immersed in water. • After a few days, cut the potato into many parts such that each part has a bud. • Take one part of this potato with bud and sow it in damp soil and water it every day. Observation: After a few days, the sown piece of potato grows into a new plant.