Are You Ready for Biotechnology

are you ready for biotechnology? An Illustrated Guide to Biotechnology Vocabulary dina izzaty moohyiddin nur assyakirin mohamed paid byforALL RIGHTS RESERVED This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the publisher of this book Published by: Politeknik Nilai Negeri Sembilan (PNS) Kompleks Pendidikan Bandar Enstek, 71760 Bandar Enstek, Negeri Sembilan. e ISBN 978-967-2742-60-9 DISCLOSURE This book was developed with the assistance of AI tools for content structuring, illustration generation, and language refinement. All scientific content has been reviewed and verified for accuracy by the author(s). Final editorial decisions, subject matter expertise, and pedagogical design remain the responsibility of the author(s). INTERACTIVE FEATURES This book includes AR-enabled illustrations (scannable via the Artivive app) and self-paced quizzes to support interactive, reinforced learning throughout each chapter.preface ARE YOU READY FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY? presents the foundational concepts of molecular biology and biotechnology through a vocabularyfirst, visually structured approach. It is intended to support learners in developing a clear and accurate understanding of key terminology before progressing to more complex applications of the subject. Molecular biology is often introduced through terminology that is used extensively but rarely explained in depth, resulting in students memorising definitions for examination purposes without developing a functional understanding of the underlying concepts. Therefore, this book introduces each key term individually, accompanied by a guiding question, a plainlanguage explanation, real-world examples, and a corresponding visual illustration. To further support engagement, selected illustrations are AR-enabled and can be scanned using the Artivive app for additional animated content, while self-paced quizzes are included throughout to help learners review and reinforce key concepts. This book is intended for students, educators seeking classroom-ready material, and readers with a general interest in biotechnology. It is hoped that this approach will support learners in building both accurate scientific vocabulary and a durable conceptual foundation for further study.CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 ..................................................7 ENZYMES CHAPTER 2 .................................................20 CELLS CHAPTER 3 .................................................26 DNA CHAPTER 4 .................................................31 RNA CHAPTER 5 .................................................43 PROTEINS CHAPTER 6 .................................................55 CENTRAL DOGMA CHAPTER 7 .................................................59 GENE EXPRESSION CHAPTER 8 .................................................68 GENETIC MODIFICATIONChapter 1 ENZYMES Look around. Biotechnology already exists at home. Dirty clothes can be cleaned using detergent. Detergents contain ENZYMES. Enzymes help remove stains. What is an enzyme?This is an enzyme. It helps reactions happen. The ACTIVE SITE is where the reaction happens. AMINO ACIDS like Glu35 and Asp52 form the active site. The SUBSTRATE binds to the active site. Enzymes INDUCE reactions. What does INDUCE actually mean?