MGT precise updated 02-08-24.doc

RSTRT RSTRT HAPTER-1 NTRTN T MANAGEMENT esired earig bjetives Afte stdyi this hate, the stdets wd e ae t- (a) destad the et ad itae f Maaeet () ate the defiiti f aaeet () iffeetiate etwee iies f aaeet ad sietifi aaeet they (d) iffeetiate essetia aaeia skis eqied i aaeet (e) ist deisi aki stes (f) assify aaeet eves i Pakista Ai e ept f Maagemet Maaeet is a itat ha ativity whih is ased sietifi aiati f aaeet iies Maaeet ides f M‘s whie deaig with aaeia stis They ae materia, methds, mahie ad ma The ateias ae we estaished i thei ehavi atte ad they fw the aws f ate, theey ei sistet T hade a sistet vaiae is easie ad a e stadadized Methds ae deveed, tested ad ived f tie t tie ad ade sitae f a atia eati Mahies wk adi t syste ad eati These thee fats, ateia, ethds ad ahie d t eate h f aaeet isis weve, the fth fat, aey a is the st isistet vaiae, deadi a seia aah i the fied f aaeet f a d ea t at as the the thee vaiaes, ay f the aaeet es wi e esved weve, a eats i ae f ati ad this eads t a aaeet isis i evey aized set faiies, istittis, ate dies, idsties, atis ad the a existee The fat that ha eis have etis, asiatis ad setiets, they have aaity t atiiate withhd sh atiiatis ad at e deat ike ahies Theefe, aaes eed t ead wkes thh tivati, eadeshi, idae, sevisi, iati ad sei mprtae f Maagemet Maagemet sami Perspetive َ َسَ ٍة ِّم ْ اَ ٗۤ َا ُ ه ْی َ ٍْم َكا َ ِمقْ ْ ِه فِ َّم َ ْعُ ُ اَِ ْ ِض ُ ِء اَِی ا ْْلَ ْمَ ِم َ ا َّس َمآ ُ َبّ َّما َعُ ُّْ َ ِ ُ ا ْْلَ )سۃ اسجۃ، آ 5(RSTRT RSTRT e aaes (evey) atte f the sky t the eath, the it (evey atte) wi ased t i i a day the ease f whih is e thsad yeas adi t the way y t 4 A es wh des t destad the itae f the sjet is t ikey t ive his aaeet skis We a vey easiy idetify the ese i a aizati wh feqety ive e e f the fwi kid f stateets (a) ―A the ahieveets deed k y‖ () ―N atte hw h wk had, y seis eve get satisfied‖ () ― d‘t have eses t ahieve the taget‖ (d) ―My sdiates ae t wii t wk‖ (e) ―Maageet theies ae t at a aiae i this gaizati‖ A wise aae aeiates aaeet as a sef sjet e a ie this kwede with his exeiee ad skis t ive exeet ests ad has t eate haes t seed f thee ae tw SNs/s wki i exaty siia sitati, havi sae kid f k, the e wh ette aies iies f aaeet wi have a ate hae t seed efiiti f Maagemet 6 Adi t ei ay, Maaeet is the ess f Pai, aizi, eadi ad ti (P) the fiaia, ateia, ha ad tie eses effiiety ad effetivey t ahieve the desied jetives Maagemet - Siee r Art? 7 Siee ad At a e sideed as tw diffeet asets f ha kwede ad skis The fwi ies wi he t diffeetiate etwee siee ad at (a) Siee Aythi that a e ved thh exeiet ad we aive the sae ests evey tie is aed siee Sjets ike Matheatis, Physis, ad heisty ae ided i siee exae, eihty-e divided y ie wd aways est i ie f a ae is ded f a heiht, it wi e dw A these a e ved thh exeiets ad ests wi e the sae () ArtAythi that eates t iaiati, eeti, skis ad sethi that has a dea with is aed At Sjets ike ie Ats, Pety ad Msi et, ae ided i At These sjets ae diffit t teah ease they ae eated t the ata aiities f a es f y s has qaities t ee a aite, y a ish his aaiities t if he is t s y ate, y wi t e ae t teah hi hw t ait d RSTRT RSTRT 8 The sjets ike Maaeet, is, ad ivis ae eithe etey siee at These ae i etwee Y a ea essetias t ee a d aae, t it deeds hw t ay it The existi kwede f aaeet is ased systeati sevatis ad stdy f sessf ee at wk f y ay the iies f aaeet, y ae ikey t seed t it is t adaty, sie se fats sti d eai ted t the fat eais that aaeet is atay a siee t aied atistiay That is why, it is aed a sia siee assia Maagemet Apprahes Heri Fay's 14 Priipes f Maagemet Histria Bakgrd 9 ei ay, as kw as the athe f Mde Maaeet They was a eh ii eiee, ath, ad ii exetive wh is est kw f his deveet f the 4 Piies f Maaeet whih wee aey ifeed y his exeiees wki i the ii idsty ay‘s wk eeged dig the eay th ety, a tie whe the fied f aaeet was sti devei ad faizi is k "Adiistati dstiee et ééae" (96) tied these iies ad is sideed a assi i the they f aaeet The iies wee iteded t e eea ideies f aaes ad aizatis t fw i de t eate e effiiety The ftee iies f aaeet eated y ei ay ae exaied ew Fige 14 Piiples f maagemet by Hei FaylRSTRT 4 RSTRT (a) ivisi f Wrk ei eieved that seeati wk i the wkfe ast the wkes wi ehae the qaity f the dt Wk shd e divided a idividas ad s s that they a fs thei ti f the task, id skis, ad ee e dtive ( Seiaizati) Siiay, he as ded that the divisi f wk ives the effiiey, aay ad seed f the wkes This iie is aiate f th the aaeia as we as a tehia wk eve () Athrity ad Respsibiityay defied it as the iht t ive des ad the we t exet ediee With athity es essiiity ad ataiity These ae the tw key asets f aaeet Athity faiitates the aaeet t wk effiiety, ad essiiity akes the essie f the wk de de thei idae eadeshi () isipieWitht disiie, thi a e aished t is the e vae f ay jet ay aaeet d efae ad sesie iteeati ake the aaeet j easy ad ehesive the est iteest f a aizati thee shd e ete ediee, diiee, efft ad twad aks f eset whih ae eqay aiae t eveydy eadess f ak T estaish ad aitai disiie thee st e eay defied es, es ad eatis f idividas ad s e de f dt ad ethis (d) ity f mmadThis eas a eyee shd have y e ss ad fw his ad f a eyee has t fw e tha e ss, thee eis a fit f iteest ad a eate fsi i eti ies (e) ity f iretiWheve is eaed i the sae ativity shd have a ified a This eas a the ee wki i a ay shd have e a ad tive whih wi ake the wk easie ad ahieve the set a easiy This is at hay f efft twads the issi ad visi (f) Sbrdiati f divida terest This idiates a ay shd wk itedy twads the iteest f a ay athe tha esa iteest e sdiate t the ses f a aizati This efes t the whe hai f ad i a ay A aizati shd e with aahes that ese esa iteests ad aizatia iteests ae aied as sey as ssie () Remerati This ays a itat e i tivati the wkes f a ay Reeati a e etay -etay deay, it shd e adig t a idivida‘s effts they have t fth Reeati shd e fai e ad satisfaty t the eyee This i t eates a hais eatishi ad a easi atshee f wk t shd ide fiaia ad fiaia esatiRSTRT RSTRT (h) etraizati ay ay, the aaeet ay athity essie f the deisi-aki ess shd e eta eisi aki is ade at t aaeet eve whie i deetaizati deisi aki is distited dwwads a a eves f a aizati weve, this deeds the size f a aizati ay eeded a aiate aae f the tw deedi size, ate f wk, sitati ad weiht f deisi (j) Saar hai ay, this iie, hihihts that the hieahy stes shd e f the t t the west vey aizati has a hieahy ad eyees shd e awae f whee they stad i the gaizati‘s hieahy hai f ad g Sdiates et t seis (k) rder Systeati ,dey , eqa aaeet ad distiti f ee , aes ad ateias veythi shd have its ae A ay shd aitai a we-defied wk de t have a favae wk te The sitive atshee i the wkae wi st e sitive dtivity () Eqity A eyees shd e teated eqay ad esetfy t‘s the essiiity f a aage that eyees fae disiiati () Stabiity The iie states that a aizati at sthy if it sffes f stat eyee tve, ad aizatis shd ake a efft t etai eyees A hih tve ate wi st a aizati tie, eses ad ehas se ia aizatia ey A eyee deives the est if they fee see i thei j t is the dty f the aaeet t ffe j seity t thei eyees () itiative The aaeet shd st ad eae the eyees t take iitiatives i a aizati t wi he the t iease thei tivati ad ae New ideas, exeiees ad e veiet ethds f wk shd e eaed y the aaeet t ese effetiveess i the aizati () Esprit de rps t is the essiiity f the aaeet t tivate thei eyees ad e stive f eah the eay evei tst ad ta destadi wi ead t a sitive te ad wk eviet aizatis shd haess hay, tea siit ad ity a ese Frederik Tayr's Sietifi Maagemet Thery Histria Perspetive 99, edeik Wisw Tay ished "The Piies f Sietifi Maaeet" this, he sed that y tiizi ad siifyi js, dtivity wd iease e as advaed the idea that wkes ad aaes RSTRT 6 RSTRT eeded t eate with e athe e stdied hw wk was efed, ad they ked at hw this affeted wke dtivity e efed sevea "tie ad ti" stdies as ed Tay t de that etai ee d wk e effiiety tha thes These wee the ee wh aaes shd seek t hie whee ssie Theefe, seeti the iht ee f the j was athe itat at f wkae effiiey Taki what he eaed f these wkae exeiets, Tay deveed f iies f sietifi aaeet These iies ae as kw siy as "Tayis" Fr Priipes f Sietifi Maagemet 4 Tay's f iies ae as fws (a) Sietifi MethdsThis iie idiates that the tehiqes that ae eated t ef a task ae sietifiay ve Reae wki y "e f th," sie hait ad sese, ad istead se the sietifi ethd t stdy wk ad deteie the st effiiet way t ef seifi tasks Ways f di a j shd e staty deveed t ake wk e effetive ad effiiet () Harmy Nt isrd A ees f the aizati (ye ad eyee) shd wk as a tea fit shd e esved y ta disssi ad diati ad disaeeet shd e eiiated eyes ad eyees shd wk haisy ad ty t axiize eah the‘s iteest whie wke shd axiize gaizati tt eyes shd ay waes t dtive wkes Ths aizati d eefiti at f hihe fit ad wke wd eefit y etti hihe waes Fige Tayl’s Sietifi Maagemet TheyRSTRT 7 RSTRT () perati, Nt dividaismThese shd e ete eati etwee a ad the aaeet istead f idividais This iie is a extesi f iie f hay t disd etiti shd e eae y eati th shd eaize that they eed eah the Adi t Tay thee shd e a ast eqa divisi f wk ad essiiity etwee wkes ad aaeet A the day the aaeet shd wk ast side y side with the wke hei, eai ad sthi the way f the (d) Estabish a Prfessia Hierarhy The aage‘s iay e is t estaish the wk ess ad sed thei tie taii eyees, aig ad veseeig wk whie eyees fw aages‘ dieti ad ete tasks si that eah eyee destads what is exeted f the ad wh t et t a he defie a wkae‘s hieahy yees witht sevisy es shd aswe t thei seviss Seviss shd et t ay aaes wh aswe t the ay‘s diets ifferene between Fay vs Tayr’s Theries f Management Aspet Fay's Thery Tayr's Thery s vea aizatia ftis Task effiiey ad ethds Nate f Wk eea iies Seifi wk ethds ivisi f Wk ivisi ased ftis ivisi ased seiaizati esi tia desi f js Siified ad seiaized js Wk viet ess atteti t wk eviet s ivi ditis Wk Pesses hasizes diati f esses Aayzes esses sietifiay Essetia Maageria Skis A ski is the aiity t tasate kwede it ati that ests i desied efae avad sha Ret Katz desied the essetia, aseie skis f aaes i thee ateies tehia, ha ad eta e sests that a thee set f skis ae eessay f aaeet sess, ad that thei eative itae vaies y eve f aaeia essiiity Fige Essetial Maageial SkillsRSTRT 8 RSTRT (a) Tehia Skis Tehia ski is a aiity t tiize j seifi kwede f ts, tehiqes ad edes whih ae seifi t a atia fied t ef a task This is what see a d that is vae t the aizati Atats, eiees ad syste aaysts et f exae ssess tehia skis Athh iitiay aqied thh fa edati, tehia skis a ee qiky t dated i tday‘s wd t is itat t te ad deve the thh i eai that takes f advatae f taii ad j exeiees () Hma Skis The aiity t wk we i eati with the ess is a ha ski a iteesa ski This ski is efeted i the way a aae eates t the ee idi his aiity t tivate, faiitate, diate, ead, ad iate with his eaes ad esve ite-esa fits A aae with d ha skis have a hih deee f etia iteiee, defied y sha ad stat aie ea as the ―aiity t aage seves ad eatishis effetivey‖ Stegth weakess i etia iteigee shws as the aiity t eize, destad, ad aae feeis whie deai with thes See with hih etia iteiee wi kw whe his he etis ae at t ee distive ad at t t the The sae es wi sese whe athe es‘s ae egativey ifei a eatishi, ad at t destad ad ette dea with the () epta Skis The aiity t aayse ad diase a sitati t deteie its ases ad effets, esides essi ifati f th itea ad extea eviets f a aizati ad deteii eated iiatis t ivves the aaity t eak es it sae ats, see the eati etwee the ats, ad eize the iiatis f ay e e f thes This is as aed itia thiki Aaie Nea, desies it as a aiity t ―aah es as a eae as sed t a kwe‖ ad ―takig isses, sitatis ad es the gig t t ets‖ des kig at the e f a systeati esetive ad t aeti this at fae vae ad ei is at why this ae the way they ae eta skis ai itae as e ves f we t hihe eves f aaeet This is ease the es faed at hihe eves f essiiity ae fte ais ad stted, f f iatis ad iteetis, ad se e-te seqees ESN-MAKNG PRESS efiiti 6 eisi-aki is hsi the est ati t ahieve a seifi a sve a e 7 This ess fte ivves evaati ateatives, sidei the iat tea ees, ad si avaiae ifati ad data t deteie the st aiate ati ffetive deisi-aki eqies st aaytia ad esvi skis ad the aiity t side tie esetives ad ake weifed hies additi, the te f the deisi a siifiaty iat RSTRT 9 RSTRT the tea‘s sess, s aages eed t ake deisis systeatiay ad deieatey f the tea‘s eefit eisi Makig Steps 8 The deisi-aki ess eis whe faed with a sitati whee se hies st e ade as a aae t hw t ake these hies i a way that takes t the desied ests a e desied i the fwi five stes eah f these stes, thee ae sa this that a aae eeds t take ae f, whih wi evetay add ad ake y a sessf deisi-ake Step 1 Gather Reevat ifrmati 9 The deisi-aki ess eis with eti fats ad data,sveys, tiizi adit ets, ad sevatis whih is essetia t destad the sitati eay, et a idea f the desied est, ad ake fthe aaysis This deisiaki ste is ia f esi the deisi is we-ifed ad ased aate ad eevat ifati Meve, it aws y t et with the eevat stakehdes as we Step 2 detify ad Examie Ateratives Sed ste is the idetifiati f a ssie ways ahead eah f the hies, thee wd e se eefits ad stsThis stae eqies eative thiki ad sidei diffeet esetives ad aahes The a is t eeate as ay tis as ssie t ese a tetia stis ae sideed ad ehesivey evaate eah ti t eqies systeatiay ad thhy exaii eah ti, sidei ies, isks, eefits, ad ssie seqees Step 3 hse Amg the Ateratives The ia at f the deisi-aki ess f aaes is hsi the st sitae ti ased evaatig the ateatives this ste, aages‘ destadig f the tea‘s gas ad iities ad the aiity t weigh eah ti‘s tetia eefits ad dawaks ay a sigifiat e additi, the hse ti shd e aiged with the tea‘s gas ad vaes ad e the st feasie ad atia sti t the e Thee ae ay ways t d this a aae ay ay t sisy ie se f the t ake the hie hsi a way deeds the ate f deisi, sae f iat ad the st aiate tiizati f the ethd Se f the y tiized ethds ae ede (a) Paet Aaysis The Paet Aaysis, as kw as the 8/ e, fses the st ia aset f ay sitati Paet aaysis is a fa tehiqe sef whee ay ssie ses f ati ae eti f atteti The ethd eies the idea that % f ati ases t 8% f the iat ee, etti this ia % iht is hihy itat Nt a es wi have a hih se, ad se sae es ay t RSTRT RSTRT e wth si iitiay y aati eses t hih-iat isses hihe ses, aizatis a sve es e effiiety y taeti the isses that have a aj iat t a he aaes idetify the st itia etis t side whie deidi () st-beefit Aaysis A st-eefit aaysis shifts aages‘ fs f ests t the ati as i ft f the t is a systeati aah t estiati the steths ad weakesses f ateatives t as f evaati the effts eeded i eah ateative, e it hysia, eta, fiaia, ad sets it aaist the iat that a e ahieved ased sh ais, aaes a hse the st teae ateative that ises t deive a hih sitive iat at a w st Step 4 Take Ati This deisi-aki ste ivves tti the hse se f ati it effet This ste eqies a ea a f ieetati ad the aati f eses, as we as effetive iati ad diati a the tea ees ad aae Maaes shd ese that the deisis ae effetivey ieeted ad staty it the esses t idetify tities f iveet 4 Tasati the idea it ati eqies aaes t iate thei visi t the tea The est way t iate data is y sidei the fwi its (a) et the deisis a with fats ad data sti the () iate the deisis i tie () e e t qestis (d) xai the why Whe this ake sese, they ae easie t fw Step 5 Review yr eisi ad its mpat This fia ste ivves assessi the te f the deisi ad deteii whethe it has ahieved the desied ests This ste eqies i iti ad evaati f the ests ad the aiity t adat ad ake haes as eessay The a is t tisy ive deisi-aki ad ese that the tea ahieves its as ad jetives mm haeges i the eisi-Makig Press fr Maagers (a) Misidetifyig the sitati This s whe the aae des t aatey defie destad the e tity ei addessed This a est i a deisi that is t eevat aiate f the sitati ad a ead t ieffetive ieffiiet tes