شرح منهج شبكات سيسكو

شرح منهج شبكات سيسكو - PDF to Flipbook

Published on Aug 19, 2026

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شر منهج شبكا سيسكو NA isc ertified Netwrk Assciate لمدرب إع دد [email protected] 8 / 149 : 1 / 1433 : flffi :: %! ffl$ %&'( fflfffi :: 2 0 2 مذكة رقم : 4 . 2C C N 202 2008 : "$ %' "() + "-' ./' . flffi fflff fi ! . " ' "ffi' 012' : 34 56' 6%) .78 69' 1 1 :; 6-< =>? . " 2 ) : @$> 0% 7 7' -! C DEF G H I J K 5 = L6@7 Mffi " ( 7 ) " ?% M +' ( 0'O ' I - Q' I -5 0R6 />8 6< fl ffifflff fi ! "#$% & @Aahai https//twitt.m/Alahai % - 8 : ( )! *+ 3 rpbx / fi0 1 2 https//www.pbx.m sh/ s/ xu8q 35 q / MjqYNlN%m 3C C N 202 2008 The ontents The Contents h1 Itrdti T Ntwrk 4 h2/3 IP Sbttig 7 h4 is Rtr 9 h/6 IP Rtig 12 h7 Ass ists A 18 [ ] h8 Maagig is IOS Sftwar 21 h9 Swithig ayr 2 [ ] 24 h10 Virtal ANs VAN 26 [ ] h11 Ntwrk Addrss Traslati [ NAT] 29 h12 Wirlss AN WAN [ ] 31 h13 Itrt Prtl Vrsi 6 [ IPv6] 33 h14 Wid Ara Ntwrkig WA [ N] 37 #)'& #$% "ت fflورة fffflر fl ل http://www.mediafire.om/3maerm7vmi0x4x7 C C N 202 2008 hapter 1 trdti T Netwrk What’s Network ا Ntwk is a gup f mputs t with ths t share data. ا fflاffifl ) #%fi fiآ ا flfi fi أ ا ا fi Network of Types 1. AN al Aa Ntwk أا أآ . WAN Wi Aa Ntwk ا . fl% AN WAN - 1 ا 4fi3 ا 2اfl1 las li/fam lay/ATM ..fi fifl ا 7 : ا; ه Svi ا - 3. MAN Mtplita Aa twk (( 4 ا; 1 7? flA ?; 2 4. SAN Stag Aa twk ( AN Eا Gا1fl4 DfiE 5. VPNVitual Pivat Ntwk fl% fl fi ;1 AN fl fl% Dا ا 7H Suity أآfi # أ IAأ ial up - VPN 1 - 6. Itats a Extats. اL J%ا I J2أ AN fi#M1 flGfiE ا Extats flEا اfi هfiItats SAN 6 ;1fiKإ حF R.fl# fiه %J ا 1fl4ا أ 1 lust svi 1- High sp itt - ا .fiة SAN ه Rvy isast ا ي 7م %ـ Bakup flHfifl3ا :4 1- - ا3fi Bala a VPN ;1fiإ fl ) %fi AN اDfl %fiffi:ام VPN 1; ا[ ا 4:م ;ء اffi] Tulfiffl ; 1 ^I ا flfi fi ا_Eا NI Ntwk Itfa a NS IPمfiMأ I إ M ا affiا ffl] .flR ARP Ass Rsluti ptl ARP MA I إ IP ffl RARP IP I إ MA ffl gial ;7? × Physial يfi Vitual ;ا1ا ×al ;7fl73 رM[وR.fl[)ffia وآل م 1 HTTPSfi fifl fl. + .(343 8 ). + % fl. flfi fiHTTP2 /1 1 / fflfl ا .fiTP3 5 إffifi SMTP4 53 ffl اffia ا M إ I أMfiمNS5 3 ا[اة %TENET6 AN -1- Rmt sit أ -- Rmt us AN هfi fflfi hfi( 1-mm -NI 3- Tl li JE . Ntwk Ass Svi ialup VPN 5C C N 202 2008 # SI-RM p Systm Itti – Rf Ml ffifiء 9fi 98 RMOSI م لfi7_ ( Protoco Device .flR TCP/IP 7 Appliati ata - Itfa btw app & ptl 6 Pstati ata - -mpssiJ2 -vsiffl -yptifl. 5 Sssi ata HTTP-TP-SMTP NS-TENET HTTPs-PP3 - -mit Mا p sssi th hst 1 Appliati 4 Taspt Sgmts TP HTTP-TP DNS- TENET P TTP-DNS HP - livy mth 4 fl ا Dfl Taspt 3 Ntwk Pakts IP – ARP 1-Rut -Swith3 Pvi lgial ass ass f livy twk 3 Itt 2 ataik ams 1-Big -NI 3-Swith Pvi physial ass MA 1 Physial Bits AN & WAN TEHNY 1-Hub 4:م Dfl اG#ة -Rpat 4:م fl ا[fiة 1111 111111 4 Ntwk Ass 1-TP/IP -IPX/SPX 3-Appl Talk [أ] fi7fl? مfi SI-RM ا - TP Tasmissi tl Ptl Rliabl mthDP s atagam Ptl liabl mth - آ H7 [ EfiDfl ا_)fi ا ?7 اI # fiا ?7 اffi. # fi71J. ا آ ه ا 7ا ا :?ا ا ; ; fl ا[ffifi ا_ffi7fi ا3 a % ;ا fi ; a ا flي _م هfiك 2 3ة ) . Stat->u->\\ fi# ا affiا R Stat->u->\\IP ass Eا fi# اا H E ا - - آ ;ء ا3fi أ] اE ا أ3fi Ptl .5M [1fi4 Rpat آ (4Rapat I إ fi3ا qfi) .5K ه Rpat fi# 1fi4 I(Mأ fi % 1 ي ا ma tabl G ه Hub Swith ةfl ( AM ontent address memory ) MA tabl AM tabl Bigig tabl ء ;ا . - - ا ا 4:م 1; Dfl ا fi fl 1 ;ا Dfl fl% اG#ة . ,) fl+) Topoogy Nework) 2ر ffl% 1 إ/ fflف) gial tplgy fl7?Physial tplgy fi أfi ا ا fi [Physial [Topologies Network # fl flkة 8ع 3) 1; ا :J ا 4fl ;ا 1; ا آfi ffi# 1; ا ?fl Bus 1- 3) 1; pit t ا 1; ا آfi ffi# 1; ا ?fl Sta - 3- Ext 4- Rig N llisi fiا م)fi ffl)fi 5- Msh 6C C N 202 2008 أ ا ا ffifiJ 1 ;ا 7 Media Network # Copper ;ffififfl oaxial able Twisted Pair able TP . Thik ا 4fi1 ا 7)5 ا 4fi1/1/1 Thin ا 4fi1 ا 7)185 ا 4fi1/1mbps STP Shil TP اffi:م ها ا fl إا آfi %?7 fl Gfi flffl#flfi STP S TP TP Shil TP ها ا 4:م 1; ا fi ا آfi 2 Fber Opca Y flfiف $Tfl 3 Wreess 3(45 * +ح ff"37 ,هffl "$ ر9: : (32) 100 Base T Basba BW fi ا; أ #4fi ا .fiءBaba ا 4fi1 # Ethernet abling : 1- Staight-thugh abl .: ا ة#GL م:4 4:م GL#ة ا fi#% abl ssv - 4:م fig ا 71J ا #ffi ffi ب أ _%ب) Hst>Rut abl Rll 3- Mfi9ة Hst & Rut #%fi ة#Gأ Swith & Hub #%fi ة#Gأ ع cabe Consoe 1-Rllv ( . < . R45 R45 -aapt ( . < fi . R45DB9 . fl ا affifi% Mh [ fl ( sl pt [ffiا . G [ x1 a - 7C C N 202 2008 hapter 2/3 P Sbettig * What Is a Subnet A subt is a physial sgmt f a twk that is spaat fm th st f th twk by a ut uts. ه; %fiEfi( fi a fl47a ا إ I أGاء 1x ا ء ا ا3 4Iffi fl * Th bfit fm sbt 92>ffا ةffl"ا ا fflfi1y I ا fi 1- ا I ا #4% - * IPv4 1- 3 bits. - imal umb pstati 1.1.1. fi fl#4 م:4 3- tt imal -.-.-.- 4 tts a vy tt sist f 8 bits ا<1اA ffl5ff fl IP 7 أو 5 Rules # 1- < tt < 55 - 1 < tt 1 < 16 18 < tt 1 < 11 1 < tt 1 < 3 3- all hst bits must t baast % fi.Dأfi #آ fiآ all hst bits must t 1 twk ass % ا3اfi #آ fiآ **** umb 1 Tubl shtig fl ffl lass A1 - 16 lass B18 - 11 s f twk ها ا ; fi ] 1; ا fi lass 1 - 3 Multiast 4 - 3 Vi – Aui lass D lass E4 - 54utu * ا tt ا ه ا ffl ا h IP 101010 flTkG [fl1 Hst I 1fl%; ffi ا apaity f twk Ntwk I % ا IP ;اhst Subt أي; 1 G Subt Mask ه; ا ; %. ; fl% twk I & Hst I Ba ast ا ; a#fl% Vali ag Ntwk ass - Subnet Mask SM) fi I ا 4 |ffifi 1.168..1/4 55.55.55. # Ruls _ أ ( subt mask أي fiE_ fi y# % ا ا3 D. أ ا fiM ;أD.fi 1- ; ا آ اMfiم ا 1; ا 4 |ffifiه; 55 this umb ly 1000 0000 11 1110 0000 1111 1111 1000 1111 11 1111 1110 1111 1111 128 1 224 4 248 5 254 55 cass Defaut SM lass A55... / 8 lass B55.55.. / 16 lass 55.55.55. / 4 IP Ntwk IHst I ه ا ء 1; IP ا 7fi% DL.fi SM ;1 ه ا ء 1; IP ا 7fi% ا3ا SM ;1 8C C N 202 2008 ا<1ا ا 4: 1; IP ---------------------------------1--------------------------------- اDY.fi هfi ا ] fi ها ا ا3ا /8 Numb f Hst + 8 6 5 4 3 1 56 18 64 3 16 8 4 1 اآ] 1; ا_Efi اG#ة Numb f Hst - n number of host bits or number of zero bits E3 Afflد ا" ا1#D1دة B3 SM أM اffi:] إا H 1- ffi ا أي اG#ة ا ) SM |ffifi 4 ا - ---------------------------------2--------------------------------- ا ا3ا هfi ا ] fi ?fi ; 1; ا_Eflfiا Subt Mask اffi:م ها ا 7fi ا ي M[ * _م ?fl| fl 1; ا 4ا ا fi ا fl. ) Numb f Subts y fault ا ا3ا) SM l - ا ا3ا) SM w Y w SM Y + l SM أM اffi:] إا H 1- ا SM - ا fi ---------------------------------3--------------------------------- 55.55.55.142 ; 1; ا_ fiE ا ا% 1..8.70 ?fi ; 1; ا_Eflfiا Ass اffi:م ها ا 7fi أي ;ء Efiص %fi_ اffi:م ها ا 7fi Blk siz BS 56 – 55 flA |ffifi ffi ;1 G أي flآ IP.ass ;1 tt aflM ةfl2D BS flM fiآ fl#4 BS flM I [4Mأ _ا; 1 tt flM Eأ ا fi أ% [1 ;Mfl BS %هfi E ا ا )fflfl ه ا ; ا ffl ; ا ك ا point-to-point #دا /30 أM اffi:] إا H 1-IP vali t - vali ag 3-twk ass 4-baast إا آfi SM fifl1 [aM A 55 & #1fi fi 4:م Mfiة BS % 4:م هq ا fiة Network address Broadcast Vaid rang X...1 X.55.55.54 /8 X... X.55.55.55 X.Y..1 X.Y.55.54 /16 X.Y.. X.Y.55.55 X.Y.Z.1 X.Y.Z.54 /4 X.Y.Z. X.Y.Z.55 إا آfi G أآ mask subt 1 ;ا I ا ا) 4I VSM Vaiabl gth Subt Nask إا آfi G 3q mask subt 71J 1 ;ا I ا ا) 4I N VSM istigus < I4 lass أآ subt mask أآ G fiآ إا* tigus < I4 lass 3ا subt mask أآ G fiآ إا* Summaizati ag Ntwk ass – small Ntwk ass …… fi ?fi ; #fl1fi أآ IP 1.16.1./4 - 1.16../4 - 1.16.3./4 أH ا )fl2 ا fl 8 6 5 4 3 1 56 18 64 3 16 8 4 1 1.16.3. 1.16.1. ----------------- 20 1bit+8bitbits ا ا 4 |ffifiا آfi fi ; 154-sm * ffl ا I Hst I Nt hE ا 4 |ffifiا I NET ffl ; ها ا #fi أ 7 . * أ fi%] ا 4 |ffifi1 ;آ ffi : * إا ?fi ; ا 4 |ffifiا 7 أ fiR 1 ;ا IP أH [أي آh H fi hE tt ا ). 9C C N 202 2008 hapter 4 is Rter Router Externa component Interna component Itfa AN E 1 1 1 1 1 WAN -sial las li/fam lay - ISNBRI/PRI -ATMATM fig pt -sl - auxiliy Subt subt AN AN WAN WAN 1- mth ba - Rm – Ram 3- lash mmy 4- NVRAM 5-N Vliti RAM 6- P -pw supply ا#)1 اfflا omponent Internal # أ3 ا fiآ ا aM ا 4ي fi أ 4fiq ( RM 1- a st bt stap ptl & pst b Rmm Ram mit f tubl shtig mii IS - lash mmy fi#fl Eأ fi #fi1 - st IS Imag 1fi# fi- 1 :IS ا . ك - : ا[اا ا fflfi fl RAM 3- - st mpss vsi f IS Imag - st uig fig اآة _ ?fi NVRAM 4- - st statup fig # Tow type from onfig ا ا 2fi fig Ruig 1- - stat up ا bt upا fl M; 1 Router Interface Routing tabe AN WAN fig pt Stati yami Rutig Ptl Iti Exti ista Vit ik stat Hybi Ex -RIP -IRP Ex -SP Ex -EIRP Ex -BP * Gم اff ا2#ffHfflم اوا Systm patig Ittwk IS IS imag R imag I4 fi fifl3أ Ristall – upga [ * اا yfiم ا fl2 bi.* # K ااو م ?7 إKfi1 1%fiffi:ام Sssi sl آfl ] أ ) 4:م fi ا ا Gfiffl ا)fi fi #fi ا fl : fl[ %fiffi:ام Sssi Auxiliay آfl ] أffi ) 4:م fi ا ا G اffi:] آfi ا : ا ; ا fig Efi ا fi fflfi ا)fi fi( . fi . sl [ffiا flآ| Aux ffl1 ;1 3%fiffi:ام Sssi Tlt 4:م fi ا ا ] IP أي ] figfiffi% 71J 0C C N 202 2008 Method for config router I mman in Intfa SM Suity vi Mang mma I Boot up Router اوا ا1L fflfl ها ا آها ا آ 7flم ا ا ها G 1; اRM stap Bt 1 Ru pst Pw slf tst ا flEا ا fi ا hffi آ fl2 fl2 ا مfiy flffl3 a Imag IS flash fi#ffl ام ا; 1 : J2 ا| .4 mpss Imag & st mpss IS it Ram fi ض5 isplay ifmati fm pst pgam figا flffl6 a figuati tt fm NVRAM stat up fi#ffiا fi 7I ;ء 1; NVRAM هي )fl fi ا ا G ( 1هfi ا 2 m stup setup mode امfflHff4اffl A & * Basi maagmt 1- Ext stup - * م S ه ffi ] 4ي fl اfl 1 fi4 |fiي ) Ay p th twk a has IP Hst lit // sv E us م:4 ا . E systm fi# ا . 3 أ fi# Eg itfa pt ut hub tmial ommands Router> Router>enable OR en % وا ا E"% Router# User Mode Privileged Mode Router#disable اوا LE Router> You an go bak from privileged mode into user mode by using the disable ommand. Router#config t مA-M=7H ل1ffl ا Router(config)# Terminal (any changes save in DRAM ) Memory (any changes save in NVRAM ) Network (any changes save in TFTP or FTP Server) Routeronfig)#int f0/0 ص -M7H ل1ffl ا Routeronfig-if# Routeronfig-if#exit ص -M7Hا وجH Routeronfig#end R ^Z مA-M7Hا وجH Router# Int interfae , f fastethernet إذا AQB %(# ا #) 2%ffHfflم A ا45ff".م ?#Router Router#conf ? اآffX أرW Vوف أ E U9 اT A/ زر %ب TAB وراح )# Editing and Help Features L4 L4 ت)ffا .G (Enter ) QLT إذا $" $" ت)ffا .G ( Space ) QLT إذا Router#onfig t Routeronfig#host yaser yaseronfig# Hostname Router(config)#banner motd $ (( motd= Message of the day)) Hello. This router for center control $ W\و .. E %روا #A A ffl#ا آZffو BE# > K 3ه Banners Enter Tا 9U WDار . ffؤ $ [ء.ff .'ا 3B fl _ A